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Drug ComparisonACE inhibitor

Lisinopril vs Losartan

Clinical Comparison

Clinical Context

ACE inhibitors (like lisinopril) are first-line per NICE for hypertension in under-55s and non-Black patients, and for heart failure. ARBs (like losartan) are the recommended alternative when ACEi cough or angioedema occurs. They should never be combined.

Drug Profiles

Lisinopril

ACE inhibitor

Mechanism

Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing aldosterone secretion and peripheral vasoconstriction

Indications

  • Hypertension
  • Heart failure
  • Post-myocardial infarction
  • Diabetic nephropathy

Common Doses

10 mg OD initially; titrate to 20-40 mg OD (max 80 mg in HF)

Route

Oral

Onset & Duration

Onset 1-2 hours; peak 6-8 hours; duration 24 hours

Losartan

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Mechanism

Selectively blocks the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone release without affecting bradykinin metabolism

Indications

  • Hypertension
  • Diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes
  • Heart failure (when ACEi not tolerated)
  • Stroke prevention in hypertensive LVH (LIFE trial)

Common Doses

50 mg OD, increased to 100 mg OD

Route

Oral

Onset & Duration

Onset 1-2 hours; peak 3-4 hours; duration 24 hours

Key Differences

Cough

Lisinopril

10-15% develop dry cough (bradykinin accumulation)

Losartan

No cough — does not affect bradykinin

Angioedema risk

Lisinopril

Higher risk (0.1-0.5%)

Losartan

Very low risk (still possible but much rarer)

Heart failure evidence

Lisinopril

Stronger mortality evidence (ATLAS, SOLVD trials)

Losartan

Used when ACEi not tolerated; less direct HF mortality data

Uric acid effect

Lisinopril

No significant effect on uric acid

Losartan

Mild uricosuric — lowers serum uric acid (unique among ARBs)

Metabolism

Lisinopril

No hepatic metabolism — renally cleared

Losartan

Hepatic prodrug activation via CYP2C9/3A4

NICE position

Lisinopril

First-line RAAS blocker

Losartan

Second-line — if ACEi not tolerated

Key Advantages

Lisinopril

  • No hepatic metabolism — useful in liver disease
  • Once-daily dosing
  • Proven mortality benefit in HF (ATLAS trial)
  • Renoprotective in diabetic nephropathy
  • Long track record of use

Losartan

  • No cough (does not affect bradykinin)
  • Much lower angioedema risk than ACEi
  • Mild uricosuric effect — reduces serum uric acid
  • Proven stroke prevention in hypertensive LVH (LIFE trial)
  • Well-tolerated alternative to ACE inhibitors

Key Cautions

Lisinopril

  • Dry cough in 10-15% (bradykinin accumulation)
  • Angioedema (rare but potentially life-threatening)
  • Hyperkalaemia — monitor potassium
  • Contraindicated in pregnancy
  • First-dose hypotension in volume-depleted patients

Losartan

  • Less HF mortality data than ACE inhibitors
  • Hyperkalaemia risk (same as ACEi)
  • Contraindicated in pregnancy
  • Avoid combining with ACEi (ONTARGET: no benefit, more harm)
  • Prodrug — hepatic activation required (CYP2C9/3A4)

Clinical Verdict

Start with an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) as first-line for hypertension and heart failure. Switch to losartan if the patient develops cough or angioedema. Do not combine ACEi + ARB.

Medical Disclaimer: This comparison is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making prescribing decisions. Verify all drug information with current clinical guidelines (BNF, NICE, SmPCs).

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